Nicotine, a compound most commonly found in the plants from the Solanaceae family, is an alkaloid and it is found accumulated inside the leaves of these plants, the biosynthesis of the chemical occur in the roots from the plants. Nicotine is probably the major the different parts of addictive plants like tobacco (0.6%-3.0%) and it is the grounds behind their addiction in humans because of its psychoactive nature.
The follow are 10 interesting info about how much nicotine is in a Cegarette.
1. Etymology
The name nicotine emanates from the scientific name from the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum. The scientific name from the tobacco plant is itself named france ambassador to Portugal Jean Nicot de Villemain. Villeman is credited for sending tobacco seeds and plant saplings to Paris in 1560 due to the use in medicinal purposes.
2. Extraction
Nicotine was initially taken from the tobacco plant by German physician Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt and chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann in 1828. After its discovery Posselt and Reimann labelled becoming a poison. In reality nicotine is an antiherbivore chemical, which then causes addiction when consumed in a small amount (1mg or fewer) and death if taken in high amounts (30mg-60mg).
3. Chemistry
Nicotine is an alkaloid with all the chemical formula C10H14N2. Its IUPAC name is 3[2,5-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine. It possesses a molecular mass of 162.12g/mol. Nicotine is a hygroscopic liquid which is miscible with water being a nitrogenous base. Its density is 1.01g/cm3, melting point -79oC and boiling point 247oC. The nicotine molecule features a half lifetime of 2 hours as well as metabolism is hepatic. Nicotine is also optically active and it has two enantiomeric forms.
4. Nicotine as a possible insecticide
As already said nicotine is an antiherbivore drug which if taken in considerable amounts is fatal one’s forms. For this reason nicotine laden tobacco was used as a possible insecticide and before the World War II. But as soon as the WWII its usage drastically lowered as a result of use of cheap synthetic insecticides that are more easily available than tobacco much less harmful to mammals. But also in the latest times the hype surrounding organic farming has again increased the eye from the farmers inside the using tobacco being a pesticide as a possible alternate to traps.
5. Nicotine addiction
Our neurological system has certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine binds to several of these and increases the volume of several neurotransmitters. Of these neurotransmitters dopamine is certainly one such neurotransmitter which is significantly increased during nicotine use and it is to blame for the sense of euphoria and relaxation caused by the use of tobacco (nicotine) products.
6. Psychoactive results of nicotine
Nicotine is a psychoactive substance since it is mood altering. It causes both euphoria and relaxation. In the body nicotine is metabolised inside the liver. First after its metabolism nicotine brings about the discharge of glucose in the liver and epinephrine in the adrenal medulla. This sudden release of glucose and epinephrine causes euphoria as soon as the utilization of nicotine. Following the initial euphoria nicotine brings about relaxation, increased alertness and sharpness by working on different neurotransmitters from the body. Nicotine also has pain relieving properties.
7. Unwanted side effects of nicotine intake
Tough it looks like nicotine is a great substance to increase one’s sharpness, induce calmness and elevate one’s mood there are other negative aspects of nicotine intake than positive. Of these the most common unwanted side effects of nicotine intake are an increased risk of hypertension and cardiac arrest. It can be sad that each cigarette that a man smokes reduces his expected life by 14 years. Moreover since nicotine has been seen as to affect the working of Estrogen on hippocampus, hence in the end nicotine users are given to amnesia and other associated diseases.
8. Toxicity
Nicotine is considered to be more toxic than most frequent drugs like heroin and cocaine. More harm is completed by nicotine on the body system because it’s readily absorbed from the bloodstream and reaches your brain over the lungs within 7 seconds of its intake either orally or as patches.
9. Usage of nicotine in medical science
Though nicotine is not an doctor’s closest friend, it really is yet not his worst foe. Nicotine recognized for its pain relieving properties has been researched upon to use being a potential pain killer minus its side effects. Nicotine has also been found to lessen preeclampsia, allergic asthma; among others by acting as an anti-inflammatory agent.
10. Nicotine in literature
Nicotine has been personified in popular literature as Nick O’ Teen, a humanoid villainous character in Superman comics which was created in anti-nicotine drive to coach children in regards to the ill-effects of nicotine intake of any type.
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